Assessment of Soil Physico-chemical Properties in Direct Seeded Rice and Succeeding Lentil Crop under Integrated Nitrogen and Weed Management Practices in Eastern Uttar Pradesh, India
Shiv Poojan Yadav *
Department of Agronomy, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi-221005, India.
Ramesh Kumar Singh
Department of Agronomy, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi-221005, India.
Harsita Nayak
Department of Agronomy, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi-221005, India.
*Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Abstract
An experimentation was conducted during 2019-20 and 2020-21 at Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, to evaluate the direct and residual effect of organic sources of nitrogen and weed management practices on various soil physico-chemical properties. The experiment was laid out in split plot arrangement having four nitrogen management treatments in main plot viz., Control (only P and K), RDF (150-60-60 kg ha-1 N-P2O5-K2O), 75% RDN (Inorganic) + 25% through FYM, 75% RDN (Inorganic) + 25% through Vermicompost and five weed management practices in subplots which consisted of Wheat residue as mulch (4 t ha-1) fb bispyribac Na 25 g a.i. ha-1 (2-4 leaf stage of weed), Pendimethalin 1 kg a.i. ha-1fb bispyribac Na 25 g a.i. ha-1 (2-4 leaf stage of weed), Sesbenia up to 30 days (Brown manuring), Two hand weeding (20 and 40 DAS) and Weedy check and replicated thrice. Results indicated that application of 25% nitrogen through farmyard manure in combination with 75% nitrogen through urea being at par with 75% RDN (Inorganic) + 25% through Vermicompost, brought significant improvement in soil chemical properties (electrical conductivity and pH) but physical property i.e., Bulk density did not turn significant after harvest of direct seeded rice. The treatment also recorded significantly maximum available soil nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium compared to 100% nitrogen through urea and control treatment though remained comparable with 25% nitrogen through vermicompost along with 75% nitrogen through urea during both years. Whereas, in respect to the residual effect of organic sources, improvement in soil properties after harvest of succeeding residual lentil crop was observed, but failed to touch the level of significance in either year of study. Among weed management practices, maximum improvement in soil physicochemical properties was noticed with the use of Sesbania brown manuring for both years after harvest of rice as well as after harvest of succeeding lentil crop but the differences could not reach up to the level of significance.
Keywords: Biological, brown manuring, organic, residual, vermicompost
How to Cite
Downloads
References
Chauhan BS, Johnson DE. Row spacing and weed control timing affect yield of aerobic rice. Field Crops Research. 2011;121(2):226-231.
FAO, 2017, Rice Market Monitor. 2017; 20(4).
GOI. Annual Report 2017-18, Department of Agriculture, Cooperation and Farmers Welfare, Govt of India, New Delhi; 2017-18.
Vision 2050, Central Rice Research Institute-Indian Council of Agricultural Research Cuttack, Odisha, India; 2013.
Sanchez PA. Puddling tropical soils, effects on water losses. Soil Science. 1973; 115:303-308.
Singh V, Jat ML, Ganie ZA, Chauhan BS, Gupta, RK. Herbicide options for effective weed management in dry direct-seeded rice under scented rice-wheat rotation of western Indo-Gangetic Plains. Crop Protection. 2016;81:168-176.
Mahajan G, Chauhan BS, Gill MS. Dry-seeded rice culture in Punjab State of India, lessons learned from farmers. Field Crops Research. 2013;144:89-99.
Chaudhary, BK, Singh, JP, Verma, SK, Nayak, H, & Yadav, SP. Conservation Agriculture-Based Planting Techniques and Weed Management Practices Influence on Nutrient Content and Their Uptake in Dry Direct-Seeded Rice (Oryza sativa L.). International Journal of Plant & Soil Science. 2022;34(14), 117-124.
Sharma PK, Ladha JK, Bhushan L. Soil physical effects of puddling in rice-wheat cropping systems. In “Improving the Productivity and Sustainability of Rice-Wheat Systems: Issues and Impacts” (Ladha, JK, Hill, JE, Duxbury, JM, Gupta, RK and Buresh, RJ, Eds.), ASA, CSSA, SSSA, Madison, WI, ASA Special Publication 65. 2003;97-113.
Ho Nan-Kin, Romli Z. Impact of direct seeding on rice cultivation, lessons from the Muda area of Malaysia, In: Proceedings of Workshop on Direct Seeding, Research Strategies and Opportunities, held during 25-28 January 2000, at Bangkok, Thailand; 2000.
Chauhan BS. Weed ecology and weed management strategies for dry-seeded rice in Asia. Weed Technology. 2012;26:1-13.
Chauhan BS, Johnson, DE. The role of seed ecology in improving weed management strategies in the tropics. Advances in Agronomy. 2010;105:221-262.
Swarup A, Ganeshamurthy A. Emerging nutrient deficiencies under intensive cropping systems and remedial measures for sustainable high productivity. Fertil News. 1998;43:37-52.
Sheeba S, Kumarasamy K. Influence of continuous cropping and fertilization on physical properties of rice soil. Madras Agr J. 2001;88:728-730.
Cassman KG, Pingali PL. Extrapolating trends from long-term experiments to farmers fields: The case of irrigated rice systems in Asia". Paper presented at the Working Conference on "Measuring Sustainability Using Long Term Experiments", Rothamsted Experimental Station, funded by the Agricultural Science Division, The Rockefeller Foundation; 1993.
Nayak, H, Bohra, JS, Yadav, SP, Singh, T, & Saha, P. Physico-chemical Properties of Soil as Influenced by Combined Application of Organic and Inorganic Sources to Fodder Oat and Succeeding Residual Fodder Maize. International Journal of Plant & Soil Science 2022;34(20):739-747.
Bouyoucos GJ. Hydrometer method improved for making particle size analyses of soils. Agronomy Journal. 1962;54: 464-465.
Piper CS. Soil and Plant Analysis. Academic Press, New York. 1966;47-77.
Jackson ML. Soil chemical analysis. Prentice-Hall of India, private limited: New Delhi, India; 1973.
Subbaiah BB, Asija GL. A rapid procedure for estimation of available nitrogen in soil. Current Science. 1956;5:656-659.
Olsen SR, Culs CV, Wortanade FS, Deam LA. Estimation of available phosphorus by extraction with sodium bicarbonate. United States Department of Agriculture. 1954; 939:19-23.
Gomez KA and Gomez AA. Statistical procedures for agricultural research. John Wiley and Sons: New York, USA; 1984.
Katkar RN, Sonune BA, Kadu PR. Long-term effect of fertilization on soil chemical and biological characteristics and productivity under sorghum-wheat system in Vertisols. Annals of Plant and Soil Research. 2011;2:32-34.
Zayed BA, Elkhoby WM, Salem AK, Ceesay M, Uphoff NT. Effect of integrated nitrogen fertilizer on rice productivity and soil fertility under saline soil conditions. Journal of Plant Biology Research. 2013;2(1):14-24.
Kumar A, Dhyani BP, Rai A, Kumar V. Effect of timing of vermicompost application and different level of NPK on growth, yield attributing characters and yield of rice in rice-wheat cropping system. International Journal of Chemical Studies. 2017;5(5):2034-2038.
Sarwar G, Schmeisky H, Hussain N, Muhammad S, Ibrahim M, Safdar E. Improvement of soil physical and chemical properties with compost application in rice-wheat cropping system. Pakistan Journal of Botany. 2008;40(1):275-282.
Choudhary AK, Suri VK. Integrated nutrient management technology for direct-seeded upland rice (Oryza sativa) in Northwestern Himalayas. Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis. 2014;45: 777-784.