Enhancing the Effectiveness of Soil Amendments Using Anionic Polyacrylamide: A Review
Daniel Prakash Kushwaha *
College of Agricultural Engineering, Ara (Bhojpur), under Bihar Agricultural University, (Sabour) Bhagalpur, Bihar, India.
Anil Kumar
G. B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar 263145, Uttarakhand, India.
*Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Abstract
The loss of soil amendments in plains and sloped locations with runoff water is a crucial problem. The diminution in the residence period of soil amendments in the soil affects their effectiveness. Due to non-cohesive character, most of the soil amendments such as biochar, lime, sulphur etc. erode with the soil on sloped surfaces. Ultimately, soil productively remains same before and after the application of soil amendments, which causes loss of time, money and labor. As per the available literatures, it was demonstrated that soil amendments must be applied with any cohesive ingredient in order to maximize their effects. Despite having a cohesive nature, gypsum has also been found to be disappearing from the field. An inexpensive, easily accessible, adaptable, and organic soil additive called anionic polyacrylamide (PAM) can be utilised to address these issues. PAM does not directly contribute to the growth of vegetation, but because of its organic and cohesive character, it gives significant stability to other soil amendments and promotes crop growth. In this review, the efficacy of biochar, gypsum, lime, and PAM is discussed both singly and in combination. Most importantly, effect of blending of important soil amendments such as biochar, gypsum and lime with the PAM was discussion to understand biomass growth, soil erosion, nutrient loss and enhancement of soil properties to promote soil productivity.
Keywords: Soil amendments, biochar, anionic polyacrylamide, soil conservation, soil productivity
How to Cite
Downloads
References
Kushwaha DP, Kumar D. Suspended sediment yield modelling using artificial neural networks. Master's thesis, G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar - 263145 (Uttarakhand); 2016. Available:http://krishikosh.egranth.ac.in/handle/1/5810043647.
Kushwaha DP, Kumar D. Modeling suspended sediment concentration using multilayer feedforward artificial neural network at the outlet of the watershed. International Journal of Agricultural Engineering. 2017a;10(2):302–313. Available: https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/Ijae/article/view/167918.
Kushwaha DP, Kumar D. Suspended Sediment Modeling with Continuously Lagging Input Variables Using Artificial Intelligence and Physics based Models. International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences. 2017b;6(10):1386–1399. Available:https://doi.org/10.20546/ijcmas.2017.610.164.
Tamta S, Kumar A, Kushwaha DP. Potential of roots and shoots of Napier grass for arresting soil erosion and runoff of mollisols soils of Himalayas. International Soil and Water Conservation Research; 2023.
Available:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.iswcr.2023.02.001.
Singh VK, Singh BP, Kisi O, Kushwaha DP. Spatial and multi-depth temporal soil temperature assessment by assimilating satellite imagery, artificial intelligence and regression based models in arid area. Computers and Electronics in Agriculture. 2018;150:205–219. Available:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compag.2018.04.019.
Singh SK, Kashyap PS, Kushwaha DP, Tamta S. Runoff and sediment reduction using hay mulch treatment at varying land slope and rainfall intensity under simulated rainfall condition. International Archive of Applied Sciences and Technology. 2020;11(3):144–155. Available:https://soeagra.com/iaast/iaast_sept2020/21.pdf.
Anh DT, Tanim AH, Kushwaha DP, Pham QB, Bui VH. Deep learning long short-term memory combined with discrete element method for porosity prediction in gravel-bed rivers. International Journal of Sediment Research. 2023;38(1):128–140. Available:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijsrc.2022.08.001.
Singh VK, Prakash R, Kushwaha DP. Impact of Surface Temperature on Soil Chemical Properties Using Coupled Approach of Satellite Imagery, Gamma Test and Regression Based Models in Semi-arid Area. In: Pande, CB, Kumar M, Kushwaha NL. (eds) Surface and Groundwater Resources Development and Management in Semi-arid Region; 2023. Springer Hydrogeology. Springer, Cham. Available: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-29394-8_18.
Hilger TH, Keil A, Lippe M, Panomtaranichagul M, Saint-Macary C, Zeller M, Pansak W, Dinh TV, Cadisch G, Saint-Macary BC, Zeller BM. Soil conservation on sloping land: Technical options and adoption constraints. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg; 2013. Available: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-33377-4_7.
Kebede B, Tsunekawa A, Haregeweyn N, Mamedov AI, Tsubo M, Fenta AA, Meshesha DT, Masunaga T, Adgo E, Abebe G, Berihun ML. Effectiveness of polyacrylamide in reducing runoff and soil loss under consecutive rainfall storms. Sustainability. 2020;12:1597. Available:https://doi.org/10.3390/su12041597.
Sadeghi SH, Hazbavi Z, Younesi H, Bahramifar N. Trade-off between runoff and sediments from treated erosion plots and polyacrylamide and acrylamide residues. Catena. 2016;142:213-220.
Kushwaha DP, Kumar A. Modeling of sediment yield and nutrient loss after application of pre-determined dose of top soil amendments. The Pharma Innovation Journal. 2021;10(4):1199– 1206.
Available:https://www.thepharmajournal.com/archives/2021/vol10issue4/PartQ/10-6-23-477.pdf.
Kushwaha DP, Kumar A, Chaturvedi S. Determining the effectiveness of carbon-based stabilizers blends in arresting soil erosion and elevating properties of Mollisols soils of North Western Himalayas. Environmental Technology and Innovation. 2021;23:101768. Available:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eti.2021.101768.
Kumar A, Saha A. Effect of polyacrylamide and gypsum on surface runoff, sediment yield and nutrient losses from steep slopes. Agricultural Water Management. 2011;98(6):999-1004.
Xiong B, Loss RD, Shields D et al. Polyacrylamide degradation and its implications in environmental systems. npj Clean Water. 2018;1:17. Available: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41545-018-0016-8.
Priya AK, Gokulan R, Vijayakumar A, Praveen S. Biodecolorization of Remazol dyes using biochar derived from Ulva reticulata: isotherm, kinetics, desorption, and thermodynamic studies. Desalination and Water Treatment. 2020; 200: 286–295. Available: https://doi: 10.5004/dwt.2020.26098.
Singh S, Luthra N, Mandal S, Kushwaha DP, Pathak SO, Datta D, Sharma R, Pramanick B. Distinct Behavior of Biochar Modulating Biogeochemistry of Salt‑Affected and Acidic Soil: a Review. Journal of Soil Science and Plant Nutrition; 2023. Available: https://doi.org/10.1007/s42729-023-01370-9.
Li Z, Gu C, Zhang R, Ibrahim M, Zhang G, Wang L, Zhang R, Chen F, Liu Y. The benefice effect induced by biochar on soil erosion and nutrient loss of slopping land under natural rainfall conditions in central China. Agri. Wa. Man. 2017;185:145-150.
Levy GJ, Levin J, Shainberg I. Polymer effects on runoff and soil erosion from sodic soils. Irrigation Science. 1995;16:9-14.
Inbar A, Ben-Hur M, Sternberg M, Lado M. Using polyacrylamide to mitigate post-fire soil erosion. Geoderma. 2015;239–240:107–114.
Sadeghi SH, Kiani-Harchegani M, Hazbavi Z, Sadeghi P, Angulo-Jaramillo R, Lassabatere L, Younesi H. Field Measurement of Effects of Individual and Combined Application of Biochar and Polyacrylamide on Erosion Variables in Loess and Marl Soils. Science of the Total Environment; 2020.
Available: https://doi.org/10.1016/ j.scitotenv.2020.13 8866.
Li FH, Wang AP. Interaction effects of polyacrylamide application and slope gradient on potassium and nitrogen losses under simulated rainfall. Catena. 2016; 136:162-174.
Chen Z, Chen W, Li C, Pu Y, Sun H. Effects of polyacrylamide on soil erosion and nutrient losses from substrate material in steep rocky slope stabilization projects. Science of the Total Environment. 2016;554-555:26-33.
Xu S, Zhang L, Zhou L, Mi J, McLaughlin NB, Liu J. Effects of water absorbing soil amendments on potato growth and soil chemical properties in a semi-arid region. Agricultural Engineering International: CIGR Journal. 2018;20(2):9-18.
Awad YM, Blagodatskaya E, Ok YS, Kuzyakov Y. Effects of polyacrylamide, biopolymer, and biochar on decomposition of soil organic matter and plant residues as determined by 14C and enzyme activities. European Journal of Soil Biology. 2012;48:1-10.
Wang H, She D, Fei Y, Tang S. Synergic effects of biochar and polyacrylamide amendments on the mechanical properties of silt loam soil under coastal reclamation in China. Catena. 2019;182: 104152.