Biosynthesis, Mechanism and Potential Application of Hormones for Mitigating Stress, Conserving Bioactive Constituents in Fruits
Amit Kumar
Department of Fruit Science, College of Horticulture, Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel University of Agriculture & Technology, Meerut-250110 (U. P.), India.
Satya Prakash
Department of Fruit Science, College of Horticulture, Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel University of Agriculture & Technology, Meerut-250110 (U. P.), India.
Vibhu Pandey
Department of Fruit Science, College of Horticulture, Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel University of Agriculture & Technology, Meerut-250110 (U. P.), India.
Om Prakash
Department of Fruit Science, College of Horticulture, Banda University of Agriculture & Technology, Banda-210 001 (U. P.), India.
Nirmal Kumar Meena
Department of Fruit Science College of Horticulture and Forestry, Jhalawar-326023, Agriculture University, Kota, Rajasthan, India.
Ramdeen Kumar
Department of Horticulture, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi-221005, Uttar Pradesh, India.
Shalini Singh *
Department of Fruit Science, College of Horticulture, Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel University of Agriculture & Technology, Meerut-250110 (U. P.), India.
Khursheed Alam
Department of Vegetable Science, College of Horticulture, Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel University of Agriculture & Technology, Meerut-250 110 (U. P.), India.
Joginder Singh
Department of Horticulture, J. V. College, Baraut-250611, (U.P.), India.
Kuldeep Kumar Shukla
Department of Fruit Science and Horticulture Technology, College of Agriculture, Odisha University of Agriculture & Technology, Bhubaneswar-751003, Odisha, India.
*Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Abstract
The influence of plant growth regulators, including auxins, gibberellins, cytokinins, ethylene, abscisic acid, brassinosteroids, jasmonates, and salicylic acid, on fruit crop development and quality enhancement. Various stages of fruit crop growth, such as flowering, fruit set, ripening, and post-harvest attributes, are examined through comprehensive experimental approaches. Auxins play a crucial role in regulating fruit size, shape, and development by facilitating cell elongation. Gibberellins control fruit elongation, seed germination, and fruit set. Cytokinins influence fruit expansion, sugar metabolism, and overall quality by promoting cell division and differentiation. Ethylene affects fruit ripening processes, including color change, softening, and flavor development. Abscisic acid influences fruit maturation and dormancy. Brassinosteroids regulate fruit development, including size, ripening, and tolerance to abiotic stress. Jasmonates and salicylic acid, involved in defense responses, have an impact on fruit ripening, quality, and disease resistance. The application of these regulators shows promise in improving fruit quality, nutritional composition, and shelf life. This study aims to provide valuable insights into fruit crop physiology and develop strategies to optimize productivity and quality. It emphasizes the importance of proper regulation and responsible use of plant growth regulators to address environmental, health, and ecological concerns associated with excessive or improper application. Excessive use of PGRs can lead to various physiological issues, adversely affecting fruit crop productivity and quality. Therefore, careful control of application procedures, dosages, and timing is necessary to ensure fruit crop health and avoid negative consequences.
Keywords: Flowering, fruit set, ripening, post-harvest attributes, cell elongation, sugar metabolism, abiotic stress tolerance, defense responses, environmental concerns, health concerns, productivity