A Review of Long-Term Effects of Mineral Fertilizers on Soil Microorganisms
Rajesh Chandra Verma
Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Ghazipur, Acharya Narendra Deva University of Agriculture & Technology, Kumarganj, Ayodhya, UP-224229, India.
N. K. Singh *
ICAR-ATARI-Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Pratapgarh, UP, India.
Anuradha Ravindra Gangavati
Department of Veterinary Medicine, NTR College of Veterinary Science, Sri Venkateswara Veterinary University (SVVU), Gannavaram-521 102, Vijayawada, Andhra Pradesh, India.
Ashoka P.
Agricultural Resaerch Station, University of Agricultural Sciences, Dharwad, Hanumanmatti (p) Ranebennur (tq), Haveri (District )– 581 115, Karanataka State, India.
Amit Kesarwani
Department of Agronomy, College of Agriculture, G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar, Uttarakhand, India.
Insha Ali
University: Sher-i-Kashmir University of Agricultural Science and Technology, Kashmir, India.
Shivam Kumar Pandey
Rashtriya Raksha University, India.
Bal veer Singh
Department of Agronomy, Chandra Shekhar Azad University of Agriculture and Technology, Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh, India.
*Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Abstract
The intricate relationship between soil microbiomes and fertilizers is central to the sustainable future of agriculture. This review delves deep into the multifaceted interactions between soil microorganisms and varying fertilizer regimens, shedding light on their immediate and long-term impacts. Soil, teeming with a rich diversity of bacteria, fungi, archaea, protozoa, and viruses, plays a pivotal role in agricultural productivity. These microbial communities are intricately linked to soil health, fertility, and resilience. Fertilizers, while essential for enhancing crop yields, have shown varied impacts on these microbial communities. Immediate post-application dynamics reveal shifts in microbial diversity and abundance, with potential cascading effects on soil processes. Longitudinal studies in real-world agricultural settings underscore the resilience and adaptability of these communities in the face of disturbances. Advanced technological tools, from metagenomics to IoT devices, offer unprecedented insights and real-time monitoring capabilities. The convergence of biology with technology holds the promise of a future where agricultural practices are fine-tuned based on real-time microbial feedback, ensuring both enhanced yields and sustained soil health. As we stand at the crossroads of a global food demand surge and environmental sustainability, understanding and harnessing the potential of soil microbiomes becomes paramount. This review underscores the need for robust, long-term research endeavors to chart a path for truly sustainable agriculture.
Keywords: Microbiomes, fertilizers, sustainability, agriculture, metagenomics