Viability and Vigor of Annona squamosa, L. Seeds in Different Substrates
Helber Veras Nunes
Federal Institute of Tocantins (IFTO), Gurupi, TO, Brazil.
Daniella Inácio Barros
Federal Institute of Tocantins (IFTO), Gurupi, TO, Brazil.
Fred Wallison Gomes Ribeiro
Federal Institute of Tocantins (IFTO), Gurupi, TO, Brazil.
Amanda Nogueira Viana
Federal Institute of Tocantins (IFTO), Gurupi, TO, Brazil.
Luana Marques Amorim
Federal Institute of Tocantins (IFTO), Gurupi, TO, Brazil.
Vanessa Mendes Mattje
Federal Institute of Tocantins (IFTO), Gurupi, TO, Brazil.
Ricardo Alencar Libório
Federal Institute of Tocantins (IFTO), Gurupi, TO, Brazil.
Sergio José da Costa
Federal Institute of Tocantins (IFTO), Gurupi, TO, Brazil.
Liomar Borges de Oliveira
Federal University of Tocantins (UFT), Gurupi, TO, Brazil.
Pillar Barros Veras
Federal University of Tocantins (UFT), Gurupi, TO, Brazil.
Kaio Cesar Lima Vale
Federal University of Tocantins (UFT), Gurupi, TO, Brazil.
Ricardo Moreira Milhomem
Federal University of Tocantins (UFT), Gurupi, TO, Brazil.
Bruno Henrique di Napoli Nunes *
Federal University of Tocantins (UFT), Gurupi, TO, Brazil.
*Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Abstract
The Annona squamosa belongs to the Annonaceae family and is native to Tropical Americas and the West Indies. Its fruit can be consumed fresh, but it is also used in various foods such as purees, ice creams, mousses, yogurts, and traditional juices. For this reason, its economic relevance in Brazil has been significant, driven by the growing demand in the consumer market. The production of quality seedlings depends on various factors, with substrate composition being of great importance. The germination of seeds, root initiation, and rooting are directly linked to the chemical, physical, and biological characteristics of the substrate. The experiment was conducted at the Federal Institute of Education, Science, and Technology of Tocantins, in the city of Gurupi - TO, between March 4, 2022, and August 22, 2022. Seeds of Annona squamosa were taken from the fruit itself and sown in the following substrates: Washed sand; Commercial substrate + rice husk + chicken manure; Black soil; Black soil + coconut shell powder + commercial substrate. The substrate black soil + coconut shell powder + commercial substrate provided higher viability and vigor values in Annona squamosa seeds.
Keywords: Substrate, germination, quality