Bioremediation and Accelerated Phytoremediation of a Soil Impacted by a Hydrocarbons Mixture
Esquivel-Miranda Nalyen
Environmental Microbiology Laboratory, Chemical Biological Research Institute, Ed B3, University City, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolas de Hidalgo. Francisco J Mujica S/N Col Felicitas del Rio, ZP 58000, Morelia, Michoacan, Mexico.
Juan Luis Ignacio-De la Cruz
Environmental Microbiology Laboratory, Chemical Biological Research Institute, Ed B3, University City, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolas de Hidalgo. Francisco J Mujica S/N Col Felicitas del Rio, ZP 58000, Morelia, Michoacan, Mexico.
Ramon Godínez-Pacheco
Environmental Microbiology Laboratory, Chemical Biological Research Institute, Ed B3, University City, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolas de Hidalgo. Francisco J Mujica S/N Col Felicitas del Rio, ZP 58000, Morelia, Michoacan, Mexico.
Kingsley Erhons Enerijiofi
Department of Biological Sciences College of Basic and Applied Sciences of Glorious Vision University, Nigeria.
Juan Manuel Sánchez-Yañez *
Environmental Microbiology Laboratory, Chemical Biological Research Institute, Ed B3, University City, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolas de Hidalgo. Francisco J Mujica S/N Col Felicitas del Rio, ZP 58000, Morelia, Michoacan, Mexico.
*Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Abstract
Waste motor oil (WMO), without adequate final confinement, is spill in agricultural soil, there, it easily exceeds 4400 ppm according to the Mexican standard NOM-138-SEMARNAT/SSA1-2012; a concentration that causes loss of fertility. The aims of this research were: i) biostimulation of agricultural soil impacted by 39,000 ppm of WMO with Triton X-100/Tween 80 at 0.5% and mineral solution: ii) phytoremediation by Phaseolus vulgaris enhanced with Methylobacterium symbioticum and Xanthobacter autotrophicus to reduce WMO at lower concentration than the maximum accepted by NOM-138-SEMARNAT/SSA1-2021. The response variables were: a) the initial and final concentration of WMO by Soxhlet, and b) P. vulgaris: germination percentage; phenology and biomass at seedling and pre-flowering stages. The experimental data were analyzed by ANOVA/Tukey 0.05%, with the program Statgraphics Centurion XVI. II.
The results showed that biostimulation of soil impacted by 39,000 ppm of WMO with Triton X-100/Tween 80 at 50%, and a mineral solution, decreased to 26,990 ppm in 25 days. Subsequently, phytoremediation by sowing P. vulgaris with M. symbioticum and X. autotrophicus, at pre-flowering reduced WMO to 1233 ppm in 50 days, a concentration lower than the maximum, accepted by NOM-138-SEMARNAT/SSA1-2012. This supports that is possible to accelerate biostimulation and phytoremediation reduced WMO in the agriculture soil to recover its productive capacity.
Keywords: Soil, hydrocarbons, emulsification, oxidation, legume, endophytic plant growth promoting bacteria