Agronomic Performance of Local and Improved Sorghum bicolor L. Moench Varieties in Sudanian Area, North of Côte d'Ivoire
Siéné Laopé Ambroise Casimir
*
Département de Biologie Végétale, UFR des Sciences Biologiques, Université Peleforo GON COULIBALY, Korhogo, Côte d’Ivoire.
Bayala Roger
Département Agropédologie et SIG/ UFR Agroforesterie / Université Jean Lorougnon Guédé, Daloa, Côte d’Ivoire.
Yapi Arnaud-Freddy
Département de Biologie Végétale, UFR des Sciences Biologiques, Université Peleforo GON COULIBALY, Korhogo, Côte d’Ivoire.
N’Guettia Tâh Valentin Félix
Département de Biologie Végétale, UFR des Sciences Biologiques, Université Peleforo GON COULIBALY, Korhogo, Côte d’Ivoire.
Traoré Makissa
Département de Biologie Végétale, UFR des Sciences Biologiques, Université Peleforo GON COULIBALY, Korhogo, Côte d’Ivoire.
Condé Mariame
Département de Biologie Végétale, UFR des Sciences Biologiques, Université Peleforo GON COULIBALY, Korhogo, Côte d’Ivoire.
*Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Abstract
Background: Sorghum is an important crop in Côte d’Ivoire but its cultivation was threatened by biotic stress and water deficit.
Aims: To evaluate the agronomic performance of improved introduced and local sorghum varieties in the Korhogo agroclimatic zone in northern Côte d'Ivoire.
Materials and methods: The experimental design was a completely randomized block design with three repetitions and a variety factor with 7 levels. The trial was carried out on in the university research station of Korhogo between July 2023 and December 2023.
The characterization of varieties was based on a set of parameters relating to phenology, plant morphology and yield and its components. The morpho-phenological diversity was structured using multivariate analyses. Firstly, a principal component analysis (PCA) was used to highlight the traits that best discriminate between the different accessions and their association. Next, a hierarchical ascending classification (HAC) was carried out to elucidate the phyletic relationships between the accessions analyzed.
Results: The results show that there is agro-morphological diversity within the varieties studied. Hierarchical ascending classification (HAC) revealed 3 groups of varieties. Multiple analysis of variance showed a significant difference between these three groups. Group 1 was made up of the introduced improved varieties (V1, V2 and V3), which had the best yields (1.56 t/ha) with a shorter average cycle length of 105.66 days. Group 2 was made up of three local varieties (V5, V7 and V4), which were characterized by a long average cycle length (134.44 days), large plant size (266.20 cm) and low yield (0.34 t/ha). Group 3 consisted of a single local sorghum variety (V6) with a long average cycle length (144.66 days), a high number of leaves (13.83 leaves) and zero yield.
Conclusion: The improved varieties were better adapted to the agro-climatic conditions of the study area and could be used to increase sorghum production there. Varieties from the other groups could be used as elite parents in a breeding and development program to create varieties that meet producers' needs.
Keywords: Adaptability, agro-morphological diversity, agronomic performance, sorghum, Côte d'Ivoire