International Journal of Plant & Soil Science

A field experiment was conducted to assess the effect of organic nutrient sources and biofertilizers on growth, yield, and economic returns of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). The study involved eight treatments comprising combinations of recommended dose of fertilizers (RDF), farmyard manure (FYM), vermicompost, and biofertilizers (Azotobacter + phosphate-solubilizing bacteria [PSB]). The experiment was laid out in a randomized complete block design and replicated thrice. The treatments were: T₁ – Control (no fertilizer or manure); T₂ – RDF (150:60:40 kg N:P:K ha⁻¹); T₃ – RDF + 37.5 kg N through FYM (7.5 t ha⁻¹); T₄ – RDF + 37.5 kg N through vermicompost (2.5 t ha⁻¹); T₅ – 112.5 kg N + 60 kg P + 40 kg K + 37.5 kg N through FYM; T₆ – 112.5 kg N + 60 kg P + 40 kg K + 37.5 kg N through vermicompost; T₇ – T₅ + biofertilizers (Azotobacter + PSB); and T₈ – T₆ + biofertilizers (Azotobacter + PSB). Significant differences were observed among treatments in terms of plant height, dry matter accumulation, tiller number, yield attributes, grain yield, and net returns. The application of 112.5 kg N + 60 kg P + 40 kg K ha⁻¹ along with 37.5 kg N through vermicompost and biofertilizers (T₈) resulted in the highest values for growth and yield parameters, significantly surpassing the other treatments. A similar trend was observed with the FYM-based integrated treatment (T₇), indicating that both vermicompost and FYM, when used in combination with biofertilizers, can effectively enhance wheat performance. These results underline the potential of integrated nutrient management strategies in promoting sustainable wheat cultivation.