Selection of Indigenous Rhizobia Associated to Peanut Crop and Their Agronomic Performance Evaluation in Northen Côte d’Ivoire
Gisèle Amoin KOFFI *
Laboratoire d’Amélioration de la Production Agricole de l’UFR Agroforesterie, Département d’Agropédologie, Université Jean Lorougnon Guédé, B.P: 150 Daloa, Côte d’Ivoire, Laboratoire de Biocatalyse et des Bioprocédés de l’UFR Sciences et Technologies des Aliments, Université Nangui Abrogoua, 02 BP 801 Abidjan 02, Côte d’Ivoire and Laboratoire Commun de Microbiologie, (LCM) IRD/ISRA/UCAD, Centre de Recherche de Bel-Air, BP 1386, Dakar, Sénégal.
Lacina YEO
Laboratoire d’Amélioration de la Production Agricole de l’UFR Agroforesterie, Département d’Agropédologie, Université Jean Lorougnon Guédé, B.P: 150 Daloa, Côte d’Ivoire.
Hyacinthe Attoh ANON
Laboratoire de Biocatalyse et des Bioprocédés de l’UFR Sciences et Technologies des Aliments, Université Nangui Abrogoua, 02 BP 801 Abidjan 02, Côte d’Ivoire.
Fatou N’DOYE
Laboratoire Commun de Microbiologie, (LCM) IRD/ISRA/UCAD, Centre de Recherche de Bel-Air, BP 1386, Dakar, Sénégal.
Soumaïla DABONNE
Laboratoire de Biocatalyse et des Bioprocédés de l’UFR Sciences et Technologies des Aliments, Université Nangui Abrogoua, 02 BP 801 Abidjan 02, Côte d’Ivoire.
Diégane DIOUF
Laboratoire Commun de Microbiologie, (LCM) IRD/ISRA/UCAD, Centre de Recherche de Bel-Air, BP 1386, Dakar, Sénégal.
*Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Abstract
Microbial bioinoculation in plants is considered essential, as it helps reduce pollution levels and enhances crop productivity. The aim of this study is to evaluate the effect of microbial inoculation with selected rhizobia on the agronomic parameters of peanut plants. Peanut (Arachis hypogaea) root nodules, harvested in situ, were surface disinfected and crushed in petri dishes. Isolations were carried out from nodular crushed and the characteristic rhizobia colonies were purified. After a nodulation test of the purified isolates, the nodulating strains were subjected to an efficiency test. The first five strains showing the most satisfactory results on growth parameters were selected for the actual inoculation test. The growth, nodulation and mycorrhization parameters, as well as the number and weight of plant pods, were determined, after 3 months of crop. Results show a significant improvement in most of the parameters studied. Indeed, plant height was significantly improved from 38.33±2.86 (control) to 49.73±10.90 cm by inoculum R1 and from 38.33±2.86 to 59.22±9.87 cm by inoculum R2 (p = 0.05). These same inocula also significantly improved shoot dry weight with values ranging respectively from 4.43±0.86 (control) to 5.41±0.87 g (R1) and from 4.43±0.86 to 6.07±1.38 g (R2). Except for the mixed inoculum, all treatments applied significantly improved the nodules number. The values varied from 72.33±7.47 to 109.89±15.86 ; 109.33±21.18 ; 110.00±18.49 ; 105.67±16.9 and 113.11±20.63 nodules respectively for inocula R1, R2, R3, R4 and R5 (p = 0.05). Pods weight was significantly improved from 2.15±0.73 to 4.00±1.01 ; 4.02±0.97 and 3.80±0.96 g respectively by the inocula R3, R1, R2 (p = 0.05). The best results were obtained with inocula R1 and R2. These results confirm once again the stimulatory effect of rhizobia on the agronomic parameters of peanut. These inocula can be used as a biofertilizer to improve peanut crop yield.
Keywords: Arachis hypogaea, rhizobia, efficiency test, peanut plants, growth parameters