Using the CROPGRO Model to Predict Phenology of Cowpea under Rain-fed Conditions
David Lomeling *
Department of Agricultural Sciences, College of Natural Resources and Environmental Studies (CNRES), University of Juba. P.O. Box 82 Juba, South Sudan.
Mustafa Mogga Kenyi
Department of Agricultural Sciences, College of Natural Resources and Environmental Studies (CNRES), University of Juba. P.O. Box 82 Juba, South Sudan.
Abdelrahman Abakr Abass
Department of Agricultural Sciences, College of Natural Resources and Environmental Studies (CNRES), University of Juba. P.O. Box 82 Juba, South Sudan.
Sebit Mathew Otwari
Department of Agricultural Sciences, College of Natural Resources and Environmental Studies (CNRES), University of Juba. P.O. Box 82 Juba, South Sudan.
Yahya Mohammed Khater
Department of Agricultural Sciences, College of Natural Resources and Environmental Studies (CNRES), University of Juba. P.O. Box 82 Juba, South Sudan.
*Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Abstract
Field experiments were conducted in November of 2012 at the University of Juba demonstration farm on cowpea cultivar UCR 368 and local variety JUBA1. In this study, the DSSAT Cropping System Model, CROPGRO-Cowpea, was employed to simulate and predict cowpea yield in a 3-year production period under rain-fed conditions. The treatments selected were then subjected to sensitivity analysis under varied irrigation levels and seed planting dates. The model showed that the grain weight under default rain-fed conditions was on average at 111 kg/ha in all three years while this was between 250-300 kg/ha after varied planting date and over 1000 kg/ha after increased irrigation schedules in Years 2 and 3. For the three years, the model adequately simulated vegetative weight (RMSE=25.03, r²=0.92, d=0.72) and grain weight (RMSE= 20.93, r²=0.99, d=0.99) as well as Leaf Area Index (LAI) (RMSE=0.04, r²=0.92, d=0.61) under the combined treatment effects of varied planting date and increased irrigation schedules. However, increased irrigation frequencies during pre- and post a thesis tended to increase Water Stress in Photosynthesis Days (WSPD) to between 0.7-0.8 but did not negatively influence the total grain weight and biomass. Phenology and yield were lowest under rain-fed conditions but increased with an integrated irrigation management option. The results in our study shows that the model could be used to improve our understanding of the long-term effects of management practices on cowpea yield under varied planting dates and water supply.
Keywords: Phenology, grain weight, water stress in photosynthesis days, model simulation and calibration