https://journalijpss.com/index.php/IJPSS/issue/feedInternational Journal of Plant & Soil Science2024-03-18T12:58:40+00:00International Journal of Plant & Soil Sciencecontact@journalijpss.comOpen Journal Systems<p><strong>International Journal of Plant & Soil Science (ISSN: 2320-7035)</strong> aims to publish high quality papers (<a href="https://journalijpss.com/index.php/IJPSS/general-guideline-for-authors">Click here for Types of paper</a>) in all areas of ‘Plant & Soil Science research’. By not excluding papers based on novelty, this journal facilitates the research and wishes to publish papers as long as they are technically correct and scientifically motivated. The journal also encourages the submission of useful reports of negative results. This is a quality controlled, OPEN peer-reviewed, open-access INTERNATIONAL journal.</p> <p><strong>NAAS Score: 5.07 (2024)</strong></p>https://journalijpss.com/index.php/IJPSS/article/view/4498Genetic Attributes for Selection and Assessment of Yield Enhancement in Paddy (Oryza sativa L.)2024-03-15T08:15:26+00:00Manjunatha BNiranjana Kumara Bniranjanakumarab@uahs.edu.in<p>The present investigation was conducted in the Agricultural and Horticultural Research Station, Kathalagere. The experiment comprised sixty-seven advanced breeding lines of paddy. The experiment was conducted in three replications with 4mx3m of plot size. The observations are recorded on days to fifty per cent flowering, Days to maturity, Plant Height(cm), Panicles per sqm, Grain yield per plot(kg) and Grain yield per hectare (Kg). The data is subjected to analysis for genetic variability and diversity parameters (Key factors of plant breeding). Higher Genetic coefficient of variability (GCV) and Phenotypic coefficient of variability (PCV) are Days to fifty per cent flowering, Days to maturity, Plant height(cm), Panicles per square meter and grain yield per plot (Kgs) should be considered at the time of selecting the genotypes/varieties/breeding lines for progressing and prospering in the yield and yield contribution towards the varietal performance. Genetic diversity studies proved that the traits viz., days to 50 per cent flowering, Days to maturity, Panicles per square meter, Plant height and Grain yield per plot are prompt traits that contributed maximum divergence to the genotypes. Some clusters are composed of superior genotypes that may contribute to the several crossing studies to improve through transgressive segregants with high genetic yield potential and early maturity.</p>2024-03-15T00:00:00+00:00Copyright (c) 2024 Author(s). The licensee is the journal publisher. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.https://journalijpss.com/index.php/IJPSS/article/view/4499Efficacy of Hydrogels under Sensor Based Irrigation on Biochemical Contents of Tree Mulberry Leaves2024-03-15T10:26:57+00:00P. Harshita Malaharshitaarnav@gmail.comK. G. Banuprakash K. S. Vinoda Fatima sadatullaG. G. Kadalli D. C. Hanumanthappa <p>The efficacy of hydrogels under sensor-based irrigation on biochemical contents of tree mulberry leaves was studied during 2022-23 and the experiment was laid out in Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with nine treatment combinations and three replications. The hydrogels were applied during beginning of first crop and the observations were recorded at 45th Day After Pruning (DAP), the pooled data of five crops were analyzed. Main plot include two different types of hydrogels viz., Pusa hydrogel (T1- Pusa hydrogel @ 1 kg/ac, T2- Pusa hydrogel @ 2 kg/ac, T3- Pusa hydrogel @ 3 kg/ac and T4- Pusa hydrogel @ 4 kg/ac) and Zeba hydrogel (T5- Zeba hydrogel @ 3 kg/ac, T6- Zeba hydrogel @ 4 kg/ac, T7- Zeba hydrogel @ 5 kg/ac, and T8- Zeba hydrogel @ 6 kg/ac) and T9-control without hydrogel. The biochemical composition of leaf viz., total chlorophyll (2.59 mgg-1), protein (20.32%), carbohydrates (20.29%), crude fibre (12.13%), fat (1.12%) and ash contents (9.54%) were found highest in the treatment which received Zeba hydrogel @ 6 kg/ac.</p>2024-03-15T00:00:00+00:00Copyright (c) 2024 Author(s). The licensee is the journal publisher. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.https://journalijpss.com/index.php/IJPSS/article/view/4500Depth-Wise Distribution of Soil Chemical Properties, Micro-nutrients Status, and Bacterial Population under Quercus leucotrichophora and Shorea robusta Forest of Chakrata and Thano Region of Uttarakhand2024-03-15T10:42:32+00:00Parul Bhatt Kotiyalparulbhatt29@gmail.comAntrix Soni Shivam Kumar Sharma <p>Forest trees have an appreciable demand for nutrients as they have longer rotation than crops and this is easily replenished by the constant release of nutrients resulting from weathering under favorable conditions in the soils developed from parent material rich in nutrient-bearing minerals. A study was undertaken to assess the chemical properties, micro-nutrient status, and bacterial population; two sites were taken for the collection of soil samples: the oak forest of Chakrata and the Sal forest of Thano. Soils were drawn at three depths viz. 0-30 cm, 30-60 cm, 60-90 cm. All soil parameters examined at three depths viz. 0-30 cm, 30-60 cm, 60-90 cm. Oak (Quercus Leucotrichophora) forests have higher microbial activity than Sal forests. The soil in both the studied areas was rich in nutrients, where, the maximum mean standard deviation values of pH (6.85), soil organic carbon (5.9 %), available nitrogen (0.04 %) reported in the Oak forest of Chakrata, and available phosphorus were almost similar in both forest regions. Oak forests have higher organic carbon, water-holding capacity, and nutrient availability compared to Sal forests. However, it is concluded that, for better conditions of these forests for soil and carbon-storing potential, the forest needs good management practices, especially in community forest areas to avoid illegal felling, impact of fire, and over-exploitation of fuel and fodder. Good management practices would help mitigate the impact of climate change and sustainable outcomes of the resources for the community's benefit.</p>2024-03-15T00:00:00+00:00Copyright (c) 2024 Author(s). The licensee is the journal publisher. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 ), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.https://journalijpss.com/index.php/IJPSS/article/view/4501Impact of Biochar on Pathogenic Bacteria and Bermuda Grass (Cynodon dactylon) Growth in Soil Treated with Chicken Manure2024-03-16T12:42:42+00:00Adzraku H-VBlay MTandoh PK pktandoh.canr@knust.edu.gh<p>Chicken manure plays an important role in soil amendment by improving soil properties for plant growth. However, the high levels of pathogens can have an adverse effect on humans when used for sports turf. This study was conducted to 1) determine the pathogenic bacteria in chicken manure-amended soil, 2) identify the appropriate decomposition stage of manure associated with reduced number of pathogenic bacteria, 3) assess the effect of different rates of biochar on pathogenic bacteria in the amended soil and 4) determine the effect of biochar on the growth of Bermuda grass. The design used for the laboratory experiment was 3˟3 factorial in Completely Randomised Design (CRD) and it was replicated three times. The factors involved were: decomposition stages of chicken manure (3 levels) and the different rates of biochar (3 levels). The best combination of biochar and chicken manure at the percentages of 0, 5, 10, and 15 were then used together with soil and sand mix at a ratio of 100:00 and 70:30 to plant Bermuda grass. This experiment showed that <em>E. coli</em> was present in chicken manure and that increasing the decomposition period had a significant effect on the <em>E. coli</em> by reducing its load. Also, the addition of biochar to the chicken manure resulted in a significant reduction of <em>E. coli</em> count (p<0.01). The soil amended with the biochar and manure also supported very well the growth of Bermuda grass with the 10% and 15% biochar manure mix in 70 to 30 ratio of topsoil and sand giving the best grass growth in terms of spread, thickness, height, and color. A regression analysis given by the equation Y<sub>(coverage)</sub>=176.857-23.0402<sub>(sprouting)</sub> (R<sup>2</sup>=0.99), indicated that sprouting significantly affected grass coverage such that 99% variation in the grass coverage was attributed to the sprouting. At the end of the study, it was concluded that well-composted chicken manure should be used together with biochar on sports fields to help remediate the problem of <em>E. coli</em> infestation and also improve the growth of grass on fields. Furthermore, biochar with chicken manure-amended soil could be ideal for vegetable garden to help reduce foodborne diseases caused by <em>E. coli</em> infestation.</p>2024-03-16T00:00:00+00:00Copyright (c) 2024 Author(s). The licensee is the journal publisher. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.https://journalijpss.com/index.php/IJPSS/article/view/4502Mineral and Labile Organic Nitrogen Fractions in Soil Profile and Their Response to FYM and Inorganic Fertilization in Different Growth Stages of Rice Crop2024-03-18T10:35:31+00:00Babita Tamuli babitatamuli@gmail.comDevajit Bhattacharrya K. N. Das Tapan Jyoti Ghose <p>Nitrogen is the key element among the major nutrients in crop production. The mineralizable soil organic nitrogen is the main contributors of soil N supply. A better understanding of soil organic nitrogen dynamics in agro-ecosystems is needed to improve N management. The present investigation was conducted in Regional Agricultural Research Station (RARS), Assam Agricultural University, Titabar, Jorhat during 2017-18. In this study, the impact of Farmyard Manure (FYM) and inorganic fertilization on soil mineral nitrogen (NO3−-N and NH4+-N) dynamics and labile organic nitrogen fractions viz. microbial biomass N (MBN), particulate organic N (PON) and water-extractable organic N (WEON) at three growth stages of rice viz. active tillering, flowering and physiological maturity stages and nitrogen stock were assessed. Six treatments viz. control (no fertilization), 100% NPK, 100% NPK + FYM 5 t ha-1, 50% NPK, 50% NPK + 50% N through FYM and FYM 10 t ha-1 were tested in randomized block design with four replications. The results showed that NO3−-N and NH4+-N were found to be significantly higher in 100% NPK+FYM 5 t ha-1 at the three growth stages of rice. The labile organic nitrogen fractions were significantly higher in FYM 10 t ha-1. All these variables were decreased with increase in crop growth stages. Integrated use of inorganic fertilizer and FYM recorded the highest nitrogen stock. Stepwise regression analysis indicated that NH4+-N was the main contributor to nitrogen stocks at the three growth stages of rice of the studied soils.</p>2024-03-18T00:00:00+00:00Copyright (c) 2024 Author(s). The licensee is the journal publisher. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.https://journalijpss.com/index.php/IJPSS/article/view/4503Evaluation of Germplasm for Seedling Stage Salinity Tolerance in Rice (Oryza Sativa L.)2024-03-18T10:52:04+00:00J Pranaya jallupranaya265@gmail.comV RojaP Venkata Ramana Rao M Girija Rani D Ramesh <p>Salinity affects rice growth and development. Mostly all growth stages from germination to maturity are affected by the salinity. Among all the stages, seedling and reproductive stages are the most sensitive stages to salinity, which results in considerable yield losses. Development of salt tolerant varieties is most feasible approach for improving the production of rice in salt affected soils as seedling stage is necessary for better crop improvement. Overall 76 rice germplasm lines were evaluated at RARS, Maruteru, West Godavari, A.P during <em>Kharif </em>2020 for salinity tolerance at seedling stage. The different parameters like root length, shoot length, shoot Na<sup>+</sup> content, shoot K<sup>+</sup> content, Na<sup>+</sup>/K<sup>+</sup> content and SIS (salt injury score) at 10<sup>th</sup> and 16<sup>th</sup> day were studied under hydroponics subjecting to electrical conductivity of 6 and 12 dSm<sup>-1</sup>, at a pH of 5.0. Salinity scoring during seedling stage was noted as per the modified standard evaluation score (SES) of IRRI, revealed that four genotypes FL478, MTU1290, MTU1061 and MCM109 as tolerant, 23 genotypes as moderately tolerant, 42 were susceptible and remaining seven genotypes namely BPT2848, BPT3140, Hallabhatta, MTU1271, MTU1121, BPT2846 and Krishnahamsa are highly susceptible. The phenotypic study signified that Na<sup>+</sup>/K<sup>+</sup> ratio is the key note for salinity tolerance.</p>2024-03-18T00:00:00+00:00Copyright (c) 2024 Author(s). The licensee is the journal publisher. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.https://journalijpss.com/index.php/IJPSS/article/view/4504Assessment of Genetic Diversity in Aromatic Short Grain Rice (Oryza sativa L.) Genotypes using PCA and Cluster Analysis2024-03-18T11:02:12+00:00Pratibha Chandraker Bhawana Sharma bhavana.s.pandey1980@gmail.comMangla Parikh Ritu R. Saxena<p>A population panel of 90 aromatic short grain rice accessions were evaluated for 26 agro-morphological and quality traits using principal component analysis (PCA) and cluster analysis for the determination of genetic variation pattern, and identification of the major traits contributing to the diversity. First six principal components (PCs) exhibited Eigenvalue more than one with 74.4 per cent of total variability among the 26 characters. The PC1 showed 24.55% while, PC2, PC3, PC4, PC5 and PC6 exhibited 15.48 %, 11.48 %, 9.96 %, 7.89 % and 5.12 % variability, respectively among the accessions for the traits under study. The results of PCA suggested that characters such as effective tillers per plant, number of spikelets per panicle, number of filled spikelets per panicle, spikelet fertility %, milling %, head rice recovery %, kernel length and kernel length after cooking were the principal discriminatory characteristics of aromatic short grain accessions of rice. Seven divergent clusters were formed by UPGMA clustering method. The pattern of group constellation proved the existence of significant amount of variability. The intra cluster distance ranged from 0.00 (cluster VI) to 6.33 (cluster V). The inter cluster distance was maximum between cluster VI and VII (18.854) and minimum between cluster II and cluster IV (7.673). To realize much variability and high heterotic effect, parents should be selected from two clusters having wider inter-cluster distance. Considering the importance of genetic distance and relative contribution of characters towards total divergence, the present study indicated that parental lines selected from cluster VI (IGSR -3-1-5) for number of spikelets per panicle, number of filled spikelets per panicle, grain length, kernel length and length breadth ratio, and from cluster VII (Khasakani, Kolijoha) for effective tillers per plant, 1000 grain weight, grain yield per plant, harvest index, grain breadth, length breadth ratio after cooking and elongation index could be used in crossing programmes to achieve desired segregants.</p>2024-03-18T00:00:00+00:00Copyright (c) 2024 Author(s). The licensee is the journal publisher. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.https://journalijpss.com/index.php/IJPSS/article/view/4505Soil Nutrient Based Mobile App for Crop-wise Fertilizer Recommendation: A “SoilNutro” Application 2024-03-18T12:58:40+00:00Lalit Birlalbirla64@gmail.comS. B. LalK K ChaturvediMohammad Samir FarooqiAnu SharmaAnshu BharadwajBanoth Jagdish NaikLal Dhari Patel<p>Agriculture is the most important occupation for most Indian families in India. A relatively larger Indian population lives in rural areas. The majority of rural people depend on agriculture for their livelihood. Therefore, it is the responsibility of the government and information technology to provide relevant information related to agricultural technologies for better crop production so that farmers can feed India's growing population. Soil fertility refers to the ability of soil to sustain agricultural plant growth. The farmer needs to know the soil fertility of soil of their farm holding that soil is either capable of better crop production or not. Therefore, it is very necessary to know soil health for increasing crop production and reduce the cost of production. The available nutrient content is an important parameter to determine soil health. Nitrogen (N), Phosphorus (P), and Potassium (k) are major nutrients that are needed in the crop field with large amounts in the form of fertilizers. In the technology front, we all are aware that the mobile phones have become one of the major sources of communication technologies in developed and developing countries in the last few decades. With the realization of this fact about the use of smartphones, the development of a mobile application called <em>‘SoilNutro’</em> has been done. <em>SoilNutro</em> app has been developed to achieve the nutrient status of a specific location of users. It also recommends the combination of fertilizer doses required for crops based on current nutrient status for efficient use of various fertilizers. <em>‘SoilNutro’ </em>app has been developed using minimum SDK version of API 24: Android 7 on the android platform. The developed Android application <em>'SoilNutro'</em> will be of great use to provide farmers with a specific location of nutrients and recommend crop-wise fertilizer based on the available nutrient.</p>2024-03-18T00:00:00+00:00Copyright (c) 2024 Author(s). The licensee is the journal publisher. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.https://journalijpss.com/index.php/IJPSS/article/view/4497Induced Resistance Mechanism in Plant and Its Importance in Agriculture2024-03-14T13:30:28+00:00Anuj Kumar RaiLaxmi Priya Sahoolaxminrcwa@yahoo.co.inMonalisha SahooTania SethChakradhar Patra<p>The search for a successful and efficient natural phenomenon of induced resistance in plants was prompted by the harmful effects that chemical pesticides and their degradation products had on the environment and human health. Ray was the first to identify plant resistance to diseases in 1901. When arabidopsis plants were injected with the pathogenic bacteria Pseudomonas fluorescens, which colonises roots, induced resistance was initially observed in these plants. There are two different kinds of induced resistance: induced biochemical defense and induced structural defense. Biochemical defense includes phytoalexins, PR-proteins, and secondary metabolites; structural defense includes cytoplasmic reactions, cell wall defense structure, and histological defense structure (development of cork layers, abscission layer, and tylose). Induced systemic resistance (ISR) and systemic acquired resistance (SAR) are the foundation of the induced resistance process. While the defense mechanism in ISR is mediated by jasmonic acid and ethylene and additionally triggered by non-pathognic rhizobacteria (Pseudomonas fluorescens), the defense mechanism in SAR is salicyclic mediated, namely alterations in gene expression. Plants can develop resistance to specific diseases by applying exogenous doses of 2, 6-dichloroisonicotonic acid and benzo-thiadiazole-7-carbothioic acid S-methyl ester (BTH). Induced resistance in plants, while still poorly understood, offers up new possibilities for plant protection and presents a viable strategy for sustainable agriculture and environmentally friendly disease control. It continues to be a problem for both basic and practical research.</p>2024-03-14T00:00:00+00:00Copyright (c) 2024 Author(s). The licensee is the journal publisher. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.