International Journal of Plant & Soil Science

Drought is the second most treacherous climate-related risk for rice production in rainfed lowland areas. To counter this climate vulnerability, a new rice variety with enhanced drought tolerance was developed. The promising line IR82589-B-B-84-3 was subjected to advanced yield trials to evaluate specific and general adaptability with standard check in on-station as well as on-farm conditions of Bangladesh following randomized complete block (RCB) design with three replications in wet (T. Aman) season. IR82589-B-B-84-3 was developed as a drought-tolerant rice variety BRRI dhan71, which plant height 108 cm and growth duration 115 days after proper evaluation by National Seed Board (NSB) Bangladesh. It was found that this variety is the higher drought tolerance (up to 28 days) during reproductive stage. It can produce 5.5 t/ha grain yield in standard condition and 4.0 t/ha grain yield in medium drought condition but 3.0-3.5 t/ha grain yield in severe drought condition. Grain yield is also not affected by water scarcity during reproductive stage where parch water table depth is more than 70-80 cm from the surface and reduced soil moisture (<20%). Thousand grain weight of the variety is 24 gm, amylose content is 24%. It has long, erect and deep green colored flag leaf. The results indicated that farmers can maximize net profit by cultivating BRRI dhan71 because it required less input, early maturing than existing varieties, drought tolerant and they also get opportunity to cultivate Mustard, Barley, Potato and vegetables after harvesting it. Thus total productivity will be augmented and food security can also be sustained by the cultivation of BRRI dhan71.

A field experiment was conducted on Pot culture house of Department of Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry at Chandra Shekhar Azad University of Agriculture and Technology, Kanpur during the rabi season 2016-17, In the present experiment 8 treatments  T1 (Control), T2 (100% RDF Recommended dose of fertilizer) , T3 (100% RDF+S30), T4 (100% RDF+Zn5), T5 (125% RDF), T6(125% RDF+S30 ), T7 (125% RDF+Zn5), T8 (150% RDF), were laid out in Randomized Block Design(RBD) with four replications. Mustard variety Pusa Bold was taken for study. The results revealed that the Yield (grain and stover yield) and their attributing characterstics of mustard respond significantly with the different treatment combination. The highest grain (20.11 q/ha) and stover yield (43.13 q/ha) was obtained in T7 (125% RDF+Zn5) . The treatment T7 cause 32.72 % increase in mustard grain yield and 14.22% increase in stover yield over control.. The treatment combination T7 (125% RDF+Zn5) gave the best result in terms of yield and their attributing characterstics.  

The present study was conducted in research plots of Central Horticultural Research station (CHES) during Rabi season 2018-2019 on Integrated Nitrogen management in chilli under lateritic soils of Odisha. The field experiment was laid out in Randomized Block Design comprising of eight treatments replicated thrice. It was observed that the substitution of N through vermicompost to the extent of 50% and remaining 50% as urea proved to be considered as the best treatment amongst different combinations of organic sources with urea (RDF). The highest yield of chilli i.e. both pod yield (14511.4 kg ha^-1) and stover yield (901.05 kg ha^-1) and plant growth such as plant height, flowering, fruiting, fruit length, fruit girth was observed in T₅ due to combination of 50% of N as urea and 50% of N as VC. Integrated use of organic manures along with chemical fertilizers not only produced highest and sustainable crop yields but also enhanced plant growth due to quick mineralization and easy availability.

Plant phenology is determined by phases that mark the appearance or disappearance of vegetative and reproductive organs, such as the appearance of plants, the appearance of buds, flowers and fruits. Thus, the present study aimed to evaluate the phenological behavior of Physalis peruviana L. grown in a greenhouse in the city of São Mateus - ES, verifying whether its production is feasible under the conditions presented. The experimental design used was completely randomized, totaling 34 plants, with treatments consisting of days after transplanting. The plant's conduction system was single-stemmed. The spacing used between the plants was triangular (0.55m x 0.55m x 1m). For the observation of phenophases, it was considered when 30% of the plants were in the following stages: Stage 1 - True Leaves; Phase 2 - Flower buds; Step 3 - Open flowers; Step 4 - Immature fruits; and Step 5 - Ripe fruits. At the end of the experiment, the following evaluations were performed: number of leaves, plant height, stem diameter, number of flower buds, number of flowers and number of fruits per plant. The averages were compared using the Scott-Knott test at 5% probability. The results showed that it is possible to produce Physalis peruviana L. under the conditions defined in a greenhouse in the region of São Mateus-ES, the crop showed good development in the vegetative, flowering and fruiting phases, starting the harvest 60 days after transplant.

Aims: This study was done to evaluate the effects of T. harzianum AAUT14 and B.subtilis AAUB95 on chocolate spot (B. fabae) and growth promotion of faba bean.

Study Design: A completely randomized block design was utilized.

Place and Duration of Study: The study was conducted at Kulumsa Agricultural Research Center, 8º2'N and 39º10’E, Kulumsa, June-November, 2018.

Methodology: Two trails (Trial-1 Ashebeka and Trial-2 Hachalu) were employed. We included T1-Control (B.f only); T2-T. harzianum AAUT14+ B.f; T3-B. subtilis AAUB95+B.f; T4-T. harzianum AAUT14+B. subtilis AAUB95+B.f; T5- MORE 720 WP+B.f; T6- ORZEB+B.f as treatments of the study. The disease development was assessed together with yield and related parameters.

Results: In trail 1, a reduction that varied from 31-61% for disease incidence and 13-33% of severity over T1 upon 70 days after sowing. Upon 90 days, the disease incidence and severity was reduced to 20-50% and 36-51%, respectively. Trichoderma harzianum AAUT14+B.subtilis AAUB95 (T4) reduced the disease incidence and severity showing no significance difference (P=.05) with the chemical fungicide, MORE 720 WP (T5) upon 70 and 90 days of sowing. In trial 2, the microbial inoculants reduced the disease incidence and severity to 28-63% and 17-30% upon 70 days. Likewise, the disease incidence and severity was reduced to 23-51% and 37-54% upon 90 days. In addition, the AUDPC ranged from 1586.1-2250.0%DSU in trial 1 and 1382.0-2454.5%DSU in trial 2. Moreover, leaf area of 68.95cm² was displayed by T4 in trial 1 and 54.14cm² in trial 2. In addition, T 4 indicated, 62% and 49% increment of hundred seed dry weight and grain yield estimate in trial 1, and 56% and 55%, increase in trial 2 compared to the uninoculated control. The percentage of healthy pods was 90% and 88.87% in trial 1 and 2, respectively, in the treatment that received T4 and followed by T2 that showed 70.40 and 78.86% in trial 1 and 2, respectively. T4 resulted 4391.45kg/ha and 4378.12kg/ha, that followed by T2 with 3764.58kg/ha and 3654.17kg/ha of yield estimate in trial 1 and 2, respectively. 27-42% and 26-41% of harvest index was exhibited in trial 1 and trial 2, respectively. Furthermore, the seed nitrogen content increased from 33-70% in trial 1 and 29-62% in trial 2. The seed nitrogen content showed 33-70% and 29-62% increment in trial 1 and 2, respectively. Even though the fungicides (T5 and T6), protected the faba bean plants from chocolate spot, there was <10% of seed nitrogen and crudeprotein content increment over the untreated control plants in both varieties.

Conclusion: The mixture of T. harzianum AAUT14 and B. subtilis AAUB95 or in some cases T. harzianum AAUT14 performed best on controlling chocolate spot, growth promotion and yield increment of faba bean.

Soil analysis is integral part of present agricultural farming, where soil samples are particularly determines with 2 mm sieved soil. It is highly related that finer particles pass through 80 mesh (0.2 mm) size had better interaction with concentrated chemical solution or extractant. Total 136 number of soil sample were collected from different agricultural land of Terai region of West Bengal to conducted the study on effect of soil particle sizes passes through 20 mesh (2 mm) and 80 mesh (0.2 mm) sieve on soil pH, oxidizable organic carbon and available phosphate. Thus, each sample was portioned into two particle size classes. Such as ‘80 mesh soil particles’ and ‘20 mesh soil particles’. The pH, oxidizable organic carbon (OCC) and available phosphate contents of two particle sizes of each soil sample were determined and compared. The maximum difference of 0.2 unit was recorded in case of pH analysis with both sieve sizes. The mean organic carbon content of soil particles that passed through 20 mesh 80 mesh sieve was 0.674 and 0.683 respectively, which further signifies organic carbon content value of 80 mesh soil particle size was slightly greater than that of 20 mesh soil particle size. The value of P content by different sieve size had maximum difference 0.2 kg P₂O₅ ha^-1 and for some soils there was no difference. The difference mean of phosphate values of two particle sizes was 0.134 only. This difference is neglected for crop production. Thus, soil sieved through two sieve sizes 20 mesh 80 mesh sieve had no effect with soil pH, little influence on OCC and negligible effect on available phosphate content.

Study was aimed to determine the effect of mono-ammonium phosphate (MAP, NH₄H₂PO₄) and K-Humate application on grain yield and grain phosphorus uptake efficiency which applied on Central Anatolian calcareous and basic reaction soil. The research was conducted at Bahri Dağdaş Agricultural Research Institute field in dry conditions during 2018 - 19 to determine the effect of phosphorus doses @ 0, 17.5 and 35.0 kg ha^-1 and K-Humate @ 0 and 12 kg ha^-1 on Bayraktar 2000 variety of bread wheat crop grain yield, agronomic (AE), physiological (PE) and apparent recovery (AR) phosphorus uptake efficiency.

Results of the research revealed that increased phosphorus rate, enhances grain yield and amount of grain phosphorus uptake increase, while the grain AE, PE and AR were decreasing significantly. Additionally, with the K-Humate application with respect to control, the grain yield was positively affected in P₀ and P_17.5, while the grain phosphorus uptake amount was increased by 13%, in the P₃₅ application the grain yield and the grain phosphorus uptake amount decreased by 9% and 5% respectively. In another direction, with the K-Humate application depending on control, in P_17.5 application grain AE and AR were increased by 13% and 12% respectively, while grain PE decreased by 54%. Besides, with the K-Humate application according to control and in the P₃₅ application grain AE, PE and AR were decreased by 66%, 51% and 40% respectively.