International Journal of Plant & Soil Science

Assessment of land use-induced changes in soil properties is essential for addressing issues of spatial variability in soil fertility and sustainable land productivity. In view of this, a study was conducted to assess the impact of spatial variability on physicochemical properties, macro and micro nutrient status of 75 farmers fields of tomato growing areas of Kolar district, Karnataka. Arc Map with spatial analyst function of Arc GIS software was used to prepare soil fertility maps, which would act as an important tool for soil as well as nutrient management for sustainable crop production by using Global Positioning System coordinates. The results revealed that the soils under investigation were acidic to alkaline in reaction (pH 4.41 to 8.13), mostly non saline and low to high in organic carbon status (0.53 to 1.95%). Available nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and sulphur content varied from 150.53-348.10, 6.4 - 111.44, 147.18 - 916.61 and 12.29 - 103.8 kg ha^-1. Exchangeable Ca, Mg are in the range of 2.5 – 14.2 and 1.2 – 6.6 C mol (p+) kg. The GIS-aided thematic maps with respect to available zinc, 6.67 (low), 21.33 (medium) and 72 (high) per cent samples were categorized, based on the existing critical limits. All the studied samples i.e., 100 per cent were high in copper content, 65.33, 30.67 and 4 per cent samples of Mn, 25.33, 32 and 42.67 per cent samples of Fe, were categorized as low, medium and high in nutrient status respectively. With respect to available boron 16.67 per cent was under low, 38.09 per cent was under medium and 45.24 per cent was under high nutrient status. The nutrient index (NI) of tomato growing areas of Kolar district revealed that N (1.19), manganese (1.39) and iron (1.29) were categorized as low, available boron (2.17) as medium and P (2.65), K (2.71), S (2.65) zinc (2.75), copper (3.0) as high nutrient index category.

This study aims to elucidate the biochemical and genetic behaviors of Thymelaea hirsuta L. growing naturally at the following habitats; ooletic sand dunes, slope of salt marshes, non-saline depression, road side, plateau, upstream of Wadi Halazeen, and wadi bed of Wadi Halazeen along the western Mediterranean coast of Egypt. Soil and plant samples were collected in May, 2017. Water content recorded the highest value in Thymelaea growing at slope of salt marshes. Total soluble carbohydrate attained the highest value in Thymelaea growing at up-stream of Wadi Halazeen while the highest values in none-souble carbohydrate and proline were observed in plants growing at ooletic sand dunes. Total carbohydrate recorded the highest value in Thymelaea growing at plateaue. Total lipids and total phenols attained the highest content in Thymelaea growing at wadi bed. Genetically, ISSR & SRAP molecular markers were done. Seven ISSR and four SRAP primes produced 73.78% and 68.57% of polymorphism, respectively. PIC value, assay efficiency index, effective multiples ratio and marker index, were higher in SRAP than in ISSR.

Water stress effect on millet and sorghum plants growth was investigated in this work. Grains were germinated for 7 days in Petri dishes. Plants obtained were transplanted into pots, with 60 repetitions per species. For 6 days, they received 100 ml of water before being divided into four batches corresponding to four treatments (100, 50, 25 and 10 ml). An increase in water stress led to a reduction in size of both plant species and leaves number produced, while root system growth was recorded. Millet plants suffered more from depressive effect of water stress than those of sorghum. Therefore, millet is more predisposed to respond to drought than sorghum.

Twenty two brinjal (Solanum melongena L.) genotypes were collected and grown in summer season and variability estimates were studied for twenty two different quality, yield, its attributing traits. High genotypic and phenotypic coefficient of variation was obtained for characters like length of style, fruit girth, average fruit weight, number of fruits per plant, yield per plant, total yield per hectare, total sugar, reducing sugar, titrable acidity, ascorbic acid, total antioxidant capacity, total phenolic content and polyphenol oxidase. Heritability and genetic gain as percent of mean was observed to be high for characters such as plant height, number of primary branches, length of style, fruit length, fruit girth, average fruit weight, number of fruit per plant, yield per plant, total yield per hectare, TSS, total sugar, reducing sugar, titrable acidity, ascorbic acid, total antioxidant capacity, total phenolic content and polyphenol oxidase. High heritability coupled with high predicted genetic gain suggests for selection based on these traits for enhancement of yield and quality.

In this review, the effect of irrigation intervals on growth and yield of onion, maize yield, growth characteristics for Chile pepper, vegetative growth and yield, growth analysis of soybean, forage production, growth and development of tomato, the effect of irrigation level and irrigation frequency on the growth of mini Chinese cabbage and Influence of irrigation interval, nitrogen level and crop geometry on production lettuce have been reviewed. The best performance irrigation interval for onion, maize, pepper, okra, soybean, forage, tomato, cabbage and lettuce are 5, 6, 1, 12, 8, 20, 1, 4 and 2 day respectively. Crop type, crop growth stage soil type, climate condition (temperature, rainfall, humidity, sunshine hour and wend speed) duration of the environment should be properly addressed and potential evapotranspiration and reference evapotranspiration should be estimated for determining of irrigating interval. In these cases, some of the studies are properly addressed these important parameters but some of the study not indicates. On the other hand chemical composition of water and soil, fertilizer application, method of research design and plant geometry are should be identified to eradicate the misjudgment of your best productivity of irrigation interval.

Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) are manufactured natural mixes in which 2-10 chlorine molecules are appended to the biphenyl. They were industrially delivered as intricate blends by the immediate chlorination of biphenyls utilizing anhydrous chlorine. Hypothetically 209 individual PCB mixes are conceivable, however just around 130 congeners have been distinguished in commercial PCB blends. Even though their properties fluctuate over a class, all PCBs are insoluble in water and diligent in both the earth and inside natural frameworks. They are profoundly lipophilic and along these lines tend to bioaccumulate and bio magnify in tissues of living life forms. In view of their concoction and physical solidness and electrical protecting properties, they have had a variety of uses in industry included generally as coolants and greases in transformers, capacitors, and other electrical types of gear. PCBs are present in environment adversely affect the plants properties such as biochemical, physiological, enzymatic and ultimately enters into the human via food chain. This review is an approach emphasizes on potential impact on PCBs on environment.